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  • 1. Neden Koşullar Gerekli?
  • 2. when (Clause) ile Koşullu Görevler
  • 3. Döngülerde (Loops) Koşullar Kullanmak
  • 4. Önceki Görev Çıktısına Göre Koşullar
  • 5. İpuçları ve Özet

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  1. Ansible

Ansible Conditionals

1. Neden Koşullar Gerekli?

Diyelim ki:

  • Debian tabanlı (Ubuntu gibi) sunucularda paketleri apt ile,

  • RedHat tabanlı (CentOS gibi) sunucularda paketleri yum ile

kurmanız gerekiyor. Normalde iki ayrı playbook yazılabilir: biri Debian için, biri RedHat için. Ancak koşullar (conditionals) kullanarak tek bir playbook içinde hangi görevlerin hangi OS üzerinde çalışacağını belirleyebilirsiniz.

2. when (Clause) ile Koşullu Görevler

2.1 Örnek: Farklı OS Aileleri

- name: Install Nginx on multiple OS families
  hosts: all
  tasks:
    - name: Install Nginx on Debian
      apt:
        name: nginx
        state: present
      when: ansible_os_family == "Debian" and ansible_distribution_version == "16.04"

    - name: Install Nginx on RedHat or SUSE
      yum:
        name: nginx
        state: present
      when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" or ansible_os_family == "SUSE"
  • ansible_os_family ve ansible_distribution_version, Ansible Facts tarafından sağlanan hazır değişkenlerdir. (Örn. “Debian”, “RedHat”, “SUSE”)

  • when: ansible_os_family == "Debian" diyerek, sadece OS “Debian” olan makinelerde bu görevi çalıştırır.

  • and, or gibi mantıksal operatörlerle daha karmaşık koşullar kurabilirsiniz.

2.2 Dikkat Noktaları

  • Eşitlik Kontrolü: == kullanmalısınız (tek = değil).

  • Facts’ın Toplanması: Bu değişkenlerin (ansible_os_family vb.) hazır olması için “Gather Facts” açık olmalı veya OS bilgisi bir şekilde envanterden gelmelidir.

3. Döngülerde (Loops) Koşullar Kullanmak

Bazen bir liste (ör. packages) içindeki öğeleri sırayla kurmanız, ancak içlerinden sadece “gerekli” olanları yüklemek istersiniz. Bunun için de when:i döngü (loop:) içinde kullanabilirsiniz.

Örnek:

- name: Install software packages
  hosts: all
  vars:
    packages:
      - name: nginx
        required: true
      - name: mysql
        required: true
      - name: apache
        required: false

  tasks:
    - name: Install "{{ item.name }}"
      apt:
        name: "{{ item.name }}"
        state: present
      loop: "{{ packages }}"
      when: item.required
  • loop: "{{ packages }}": Üç öğeyi (nginx, mysql, apache) sırayla işler.

  • when: item.required: required == true olan paketlerde görevi çalıştırır, false olanı geçer.

  • Böylece “apache” required: false olduğu için yüklenmez.

4. Önceki Görev Çıktısına Göre Koşullar

Ansible’da bir görevdeki çıktıyı (output) register: sonuc ile saklayıp sonraki görevde when: ... kullanarak karar verebilirsiniz.

Örnek: Servis Durumunu Kontrol Etmek

- name: Check service status and send alert
  hosts: localhost
  tasks:
    - name: Check status of httpd service
      command: service httpd status
      register: result

    - name: Send email alert if httpd service is down
      mail:
        to: admin@example.com
        subject: "Service Alert"
        body: "Httpd Service is down"
      when: result.stdout.find('down') != -1
  • İlk görev service httpd status çalıştırıp çıktıyı result adlı değişkende saklıyor.

  • İkinci görev, result.stdout içindeki metinde 'down' kelimesini arıyor (find('down')).

    • find('down') -1 döndürmezse, demek ki kelime bulundu → “Servis down” demek, o durumda mail gönderiyor.

Mantık: “Eğer çıktı içinde 'down' varsa, e-posta at.”

5. İpuçları ve Özet

  • when: cümlesi, bir görevin sadece belli bir koşul doğru (true) olduğunda çalışmasını sağlar.

  • Kullanım Senaryoları:

    1. Farklı OS’lerde farklı modül kullanmak (Debian vs RedHat).

    2. Bir döngüde sadece bazı öğeleri işlemek (örn. item.required == true).

    3. Önceki görevdeki kaydedilen çıktıya göre sonraki görevi koşturmak veya atlamak.

  • Mantıksal Operatörler: and, or, ==, !=, > vb.

  • String Metotları: stdout.find('down') != -1 gibi Python benzeri ifadeler kullanabilirsiniz.

  • Koşul sağlanmazsa: Görev “SKIPPED” olarak atlanır, playbook durmaz veya hata vermez.

Bu sayede tek bir playbook ile, sistemlerinizin farklı senaryolarına göre dinamik şekilde uygun görevleri çalıştırabilirsiniz. Daha temiz, bakımı kolay ve esnek bir Ansible otomasyonu elde edersiniz.

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Last updated 8 days ago

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